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SS Utopia
SS ''Utopia'' was a transatlantic passenger steamship built in 1874 by Robert Duncan & Co of Glasgow. From 1874 to 1882 she operated on Anchor Line routes from Glasgow to New York City, from Glasgow to Bombay and from London to New York City. After 1882 she carried Italian immigrants to the United States.
On 17 March 1891 ''Utopia'' accidentally collided with the battleship HMS ''Anson'' in the Bay of Gibraltar. ''Utopia'' sank in less than twenty minutes. 562〔 of 880 passengers and crew of ''Utopia'' and two rescuers from HMS ''Immortalité'' died in the accident. The sinking of ''Utopia'' was blamed on "grave error of judgement" of her captain John McKeague, who survived the accident.
==Anchor Liner==
''Utopia'' was built by Robert Duncan of Glasgow as a transatlantic steamer for the Anchor Line. ''Utopia'' was a sister ship to ''Elysia'' (1873) and ''Alsatia'' (1876),〔Bonsor, p. 142.〕 designed to carry 120 first class, 60 second class and 600 steerage (third class) passengers.〔 She was launched on 14 February 1874 and sailed out on her maiden voyage to New York City on 23 May 1874.〔 After twelve round-trips on the route from Glasgow to New York City it sailed on the route from Glasgow to Bombay.〔 In April 1876, Anchor Line transferred ''Utopia'', ''Elysia'', ''Anglia'' and ''Australia'' to serve the route from London to New York City.〔Bonsor, p. 143.〕 ''Utopia'' performed forty round-trip voyages on this route.
In 1882 she was transferred to the Mediterranean, and regularly carried Italian immigrants to the United States.〔Bonsor, p. 154.〕 In 1890–1891 she was refitted with a triple expansion steam engine.〔 To maximize revenue on the Italian route, her first class accommodations were reduced to 45 passengers, and second class was removed altogether, thus increasing steerage capacity to 900 bunks.〔Bonsor, p. 145: "passengers on the southern route consisted almost entirely of steerage.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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